Abstract: Public health recommendations related to the prevention of diet-related chronic diseases primarily focus on adopting healthy dietary patterns; however, the implementation of these recommendations faces numerous challenges. There is a growing recognition that an individual's diet and environment may influence disease susceptibility by affecting the expression of relevant genes in key metabolic pathways. Precision Nutrition (PN) has emerged to translate findings on the diversity of nutrient metabolism among different subgroups and the variability in individual responses to dietary interventions into practice. The overarching goal of Precision Nutrition (PN) is to provide personalized and actionable dietary therapies for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, based on an individual's nutritional phenotype, which is shaped by a combination of genetics, metabolic characteristics, and environmental factors. This review explores the development of genomics- and omics-driven precision nutrition, how they are being used for disease prevention and treatment, and discusses their integration into broader clinical practice.
