Abstract:

Background
Precision nutrition and personalized nutrition approaches aim to leverage inter-individual differences among humans to design tailored dietary interventions for health improvement. With the broad advancements in technology and the emerging opportunities for integrated precision nutrition, there is a need to review current and future global trends.
Scope and Methods
This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze and critically evaluate the latest developments, potential applications, and future research needs in the field of precision nutrition. It will focus on reviewing international research cases employing methods from nutrigenetics, epigenetics, genomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics.
Key Findings and Conclusions
Precision nutrition integrates clues from genetics, metagenomics, metabolomics, pathophysiology, behavior, and sociocultural factors to understand metabolism and human health status and to implement health interventions. Such a broad approach requires progress in two key areas: 1) high-throughput multi-omics technologies; and 2) integrated big data systems. Research in the fields of nutrigenetics, epigenetics, genomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics has accelerated exponentially in recent decades. These methods have provided deep insights into the genotypic and phenotypic variations in human responses to diet, thereby ushering in a new era of personalized and precision nutrition interventions. Furthermore, advancements in big data and machine learning have paved the way for integrated precision nutrition applications in research, industry, and healthcare. This review will explore each of the aforementioned areas in turn, so that the research findings contribute to understanding the latest developments and future integration trends in the field of precision nutrition.

Precision Nutrition: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Efforts.pdf