Abstract: There is an interaction between diet and the genome. Nutrition has the most significant lifelong environmental impact on human health. Nutrigenetics explores how an individual's genetic makeup leads to susceptibility to diet, while nutrigenomics investigates how nutrition affects the expression of the genome. Nutrigenomics is built upon the three major omics disciplines: transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. These disciplines are prerequisites for nutritional systems biology, a field dedicated to understanding the interactions between food components, diet, and cells, organs, and the entire organism. Personalized nutrition is conceptually aligned with personalized medicine. Although there are currently foods tailored to the needs or preferences of specific consumer groups, these products are primarily based on empirical consumer science rather than nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. The latter two provide the scientific foundation for understanding individual differences in human dietary preferences, needs, and responses, and may become future tools for consumer assessment to promote health maintenance and disease prevention through personalized nutritional counseling.

Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition: Science and Concepts.pdf