【1】Kussmann M, Fay LB. Nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition: science and concept. Per Med. 2008 Sep;5(5):447-455. doi: 10.2217/17410541.5.5.447 Nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition: science and concept. 

Abstract:

Diet interacts with the genome. Nutrition is the most influential lifelong environmental factor on human health. Nutrigenetics focuses on how an individual's genetic makeup predisposes to dietary susceptibility, while nutrigenomics explores how nutrients affect genomic expression. Nutrigenomics builds upon three omics disciplines: transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. These are prerequisites for nutritional systems biology, which aims to understand the interactions between food components and diet with cells, organs, and the entire body. Personalized nutrition is the conceptual analog of personalized medicine. While there are food products on the market targeting specific consumer group needs or preferences, these are based on empirical consumer science rather than nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. The latter two establish the scientific foundation for understanding human variability in preferences, needs, and responses to diet, and may become tools for future consumer assessment through personalized nutrition counseling, aimed at maintaining health and preventing disease.

【2】Florentino RF. ILSI's first international conference on nutrigenomics: opportunities in Asia. Forum Nutr. 2007;60:224-241. doi: 10.1159/000107207. ILSI's First International Conference on Nutrigenomics: Opportunities in Asia

Abstract:

The first international conference on nutrigenomics organized by ILSI in Singapore in December 2005 highlighted the immense opportunities of nutrigenomics and the rapidly developing 'omics' sciences in improving human health. The conference covered a broad range of topics, from an overview of genomics and its applications in nutritional science to the impact of genetic control and metabolic programming in chronic diseases, and the effects of nutrigenomics on individuals and populations, with nine plenary sessions. The conference concluded that with strong support in terms of human resource development, logistical resources, and private sector involvement, the future of nutrigenomics in Asia is bright. Two workshops were held following the conference, discussing the use of genomic technologies in nutritional research and the application of nutrigenomics in nutritional food science.

【3】Dang TS, Walker M, Ford D, Valentine RA. Nutrigenomics: the role of nutrients in gene expression. Periodontol 2000. 2014 Feb;64(1):154-60. doi: 10.1111/prd.12001. Nutrigenomics: The Role of Nutrients in Gene Expression

Abstract:

The deeper understanding of the mechanisms of periodontal tissue destruction, the potential protective effects of nutrients, and the emergence of modern genomic measurement tools have increased interest in the association between nutrition and periodontal disease. To date, evidence for a direct link between periodontal disease and nutrition mainly comes from large observational cross-sectional studies or very small double-blind randomized supplementation trials, with most findings showing no significant association between the analyzed nutrients and markers of periodontal disease status. The advent of the "genomic era" has introduced the concept of nutrigenomic research, aimed at uncovering the relationship between nutrition and the genome, providing a scientific basis for improving public health through dietary means. Combined with relatively inexpensive high-throughput technologies, this will allow for a more detailed investigation of the effects of diet on the etiology of periodontal disease. Given the critical importance of interactions between genotype and diet in determining the risk of the most common complex diseases, the importance of these interactions in determining the risk of periodontal disease is highly likely. Many nutrigenetic studies measuring disease risk markers as outcomes, particularly in cardiovascular disease and cancer, provide proof of principle, emphasizing the importance of understanding these interactions and demonstrating where observational studies may have previously overlooked the impact of dietary modifications on the progression of periodontal disease.

【4】Peña-Romero AC, Navas-Carrillo D, Marín F, Orenes-Piñero E. The future of nutrition: Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(17):3030-3041. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1349731. The Future of Nutrition: Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract:

Over time, the relationship between diet and health has garnered significant interest, as nutrition can prevent and treat multiple diseases. It has been demonstrated that general recommendations for macronutrients and micronutrients do not apply to everyone, as diet is a crucial environmental factor that interacts with genes. Therefore, considering the interactions between diet, genes, and health, there is an urgent need to improve personalized nutrition to treat obesity and its associated medical conditions. Consequently, understanding the molecular interactions between the genome and nutrients has led to the emergence of nutrigenomics, which encompasses two scientific fields: nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. In this review, we will comprehensively analyze the role of the most important genes associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases, two interrelated chronic medical conditions.

【5】Xacur-García F, Castillo-Quan JI, Hernández-Escalante VM, Laviada-Molina H. Nutritional genomics: an approach to the genome-environment interaction. Rev Med Chil. 2008 Nov;136(11):1460-7. Spanish. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872008001100014. Nutrigenomics: An Approach to the Genome-Environment Interaction

Abstract:

Nutrigenomics is part of genomic science, studying the interactions between genes and human diet, and the effects of these interactions on metabolism and subsequent susceptibility to common diseases. It includes two aspects: nutrigenomics explores the effects of nutrients on the genome, proteome, and metabolome; nutrigenetics explores the effects of genetic variations on diet/disease interactions. A range of mechanisms drive gene/diet interactions: elements in the diet can act as links for transcription factor receptors and, after reaching intermediate concentrations, modify chromatin and influence gene regulation; affect signaling pathways, regulating tyrosine phosphorylation in receptors; reduce signaling through the inositol pathway; and act through epigenetic mechanisms, silencing DNA fragments through cytosine methylation. Signals produced by polyunsaturated fatty acids are so powerful that they can bypass insulin-mediated adipogenesis stimulated by carbohydrates. Some fatty acids modify the expression of genes involved in lipoprotein transport of fatty acids. Nutrigenomics has numerous potential therapeutic and preventive applications: in patients with enzyme defects; in populations with genetic predispositions to complex diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cancer; in populations already suffering from these diseases; in populations with altered mood or memory; during aging; in pregnant women; and as preventive measures for healthy populations.

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